A bush airplane is a general aviation General aviation is one of the two categories of civil aviation. It refers to all flights other than military and scheduled airline and regular cargo flights, both private and commercial. General aviation flights range from gliders and powered parachutes to large, non-scheduled cargo jet flights. As a result, the majority of the world's air aircraft An aircraft is a vehicle which is able to fly by being supported by the air, or in general, the atmosphere of a planet. An aircraft counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines serving remote, undeveloped areas of a country, usually the African The African continent is home to many different ethnic groups and people of wide-ranging phenotypical traits, both indigenous and foreign to the continent. Many of these populations have diverse origins, with differing cultural, linguistic and social traits and mores. Distinctions within Africa's geography, such as the varying climates across the bush, Alaskan Alaska was purchased from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, for $7.2 million at about two cents per acre . The land went through several administrative changes before becoming an organized territory on May 11, 1912, and the 49th state of the U.S. on January 3, 1959 and Canadian The land occupied by Canada was inhabited for millennia by various groups of Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored, and later settled, along the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three tundra or the Australian For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of the roughly 250 language groups. After sporadic visits by fishermen from the immediate north and discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Britain in 177 Outback The Outback is the vast, remote, arid area of Australia, although the term colloquially can refer to any lands outside the main urban areas. The term "the outback" is generally used to refer to locations that are comparatively more remote than those areas named "the bush". They are used where the road system is insufficient, or where roads do not exist at all.[1] Well-known bushplanes include the Fairchild American Pilgrim 100 A and B, Noorduyn Norseman The Noorduyn Norseman is a Canadian single-engine bush plane designed to operate from unimproved surfaces. Norseman aircraft are known to have been registered and/or operated in 68 countries throughout the world and also have been based and flown on the Arctic and Antarctic continents, the Cessna 180 The Cessna 180 is a four- or six-seat, fixed conventional gear general aviation airplane which was produced between 1953 and 1981. Though the design is no longer in production, many of these aircraft are still in use as personal aircraft and in utility roles such as bush flying, Cessna Caravan The Cessna 208 Caravan is a single turboprop engine, fixed-gear short-haul regional airliner and utility aircraft built in the USA by Cessna. The airplane typically seats nine passengers, with a single person crew, although with a FAR Part 23 waiver, it can seat up to fourteen passengers. The aircraft is also used for cargo feederliner operations and 206/207 The Cessna 205, 206, and 207, known variously as the Super Skywagon, Skywagon, Stationair, and Super Skylane are a family of single engine, general aviation aircraft with fixed landing gear used in commercial air service and also for personal use. The family was originally developed from the popular retractable-gear Cessna 210, Douglas DC-3 The Douglas DC-3 is an American fixed-wing, propeller-driven aircraft whose speed and range revolutionized air transport in the 1930s and 1940s. Because of its lasting impact on the airline industry and World War II it is generally regarded as one of the most significant transport aircraft ever made. Many DC-3s are still used to this day in all/C-47, DHC-2 Beaver, Piper Super Cub, Aviat Husky, Antonov An-2 The Antonov An-2 (Russian nickname: кукуру́зник kukuruznik - a kolkhoz maize worker ) also nicknamed "Annushka"; is a single-engine biplane utility/agricultural aircraft designed in the USSR from 1946. (USAF/DoD reporting name Type 22,, NATO reporting name Colt) and Pilatus Turbo Porter PC-6 The first prototype made its maiden flight on 4 May 1959 powered by a 254 kW piston engine. The first Turbo Porter, powered by a turboprop, flew in 1961. The Turbo Porter received an engine upgrade in 1963, which increased its power to its present value of 410 kW (550-shp)
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Common traits
- High wings A wing is a surface used to produce lift for flight through the atmosphere - or occasionally through another gaseous or fluid substance. Another word for an artificial wing is an airfoil, and airfoils always have a distinctive cross-sectional shape provide improved ground visibility during flight and greater distance between the bush and the wing during landing.
- Conventional Conventional landing gear is an aircraft undercarriage consisting of two main wheels forward of the centre of gravity and a small wheel or skid to support the tail or 'taildragger' landing gear In aviation, the undercarriage or landing gear is the structure that supports an aircraft on the ground and allows it to taxi, takeoff and land — two large main wheels and a small rear wheel result in a nose-high attitude on the ground and increase prop clearance, convenient when operating from rough-surfaced runways.
- Short runway requirements STOL is an acronym for short take-off and landing, a term used to describe aircraft with very short runway requirements, typically gained through high-lift devices such as flaps Flaps are hinged surfaces on the trailing edge of the wings of a fixed-wing aircraft. As flaps are extended, the stalling speed of the aircraft is reduced, which means that the aircraft can fly safely at slower speeds . Flaps are also used on the leading edge of the wings of some high-speed jet aircraft, where they may be called Krueger flaps, vortex generators A vortex generator is an aerodynamic surface, consisting of a small vane or bump that creates a vortex. Vortex generators can be found on many devices, but the term is most often used in aircraft design, and slots or slats The chord of the slat is typically only a few percent of the wing chord. They may extend over the outer third of the wing or may cover the entire leading edge. Many early aerodynamicists, including Ludwig Prandtl believed that slats work by inducing a high energy stream to the flow of the main airfoil thus re-energizing its boundary layer and improve low speed flight characteristics, allowing for shorter ground rolls on landing.
- Very large, low-pressure tundra tires enable the pilot to land and take off in unimproved areas. It is not uncommon for a bush pilot to land (and take off) where no airplane has been before.
- Removable floats and skis A ski is a long, flat device worn on the feet designed to help the wearer slide smoothly over snow. Originally intended as an aid to travel in snowy regions, they are now mainly used for recreational and sporting purposes. Also, a ski may denote a similar device used for other purposes than skiing, for example, for steering snowmobiles permit operation on water or snow.
- Some bush planes are also outfitted with an outside air intake to increase engine performance during slow flight which may be experienced in the landing roll. By increasing air flow it helps to maintain a safe oil temperature during non-idle periods.
See also
- Bush flying Bush flying is a term for aircraft operations carried out in remote, inhospitable regions of the world. Bush flying involves operations in rough terrain where there are often no prepared landing strips or runways, frequently necessitating that bush planes be equipped with abnormally large tires, floats or skis
- Quest Kodiak
- Canadian Bushplane Heritage Centre
- List of STOL aircraft
References
External links
Categories: Aircraft by type | Aviation in Alaska
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